Nikolai Kardashev, creator of the civilization ranking scale, outstanding space explorer, specialist in experimental and theoretical astrophysics and radio astronomy, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Director of the Astro Space Center of the Lebedev Physical Institute, died in August 3, 2019. The Russian scientist was 87 years old.
The scientist’s most famous work is the Kardashev Scale — the cosmic civilization ranking system. As part of the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI), he proposed a model of cosmic civilisations and calculated the scale of ranking civilisations
The Kardashev Scale