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Category: quantum physics

New optical centrifuge unlocks the secrets of frictionless superfluids

Physicists have developed a new way to control the rotation of molecules inside tiny droplets of liquid helium, marking an important advance in the study of superfluids. By using a specially designed optical centrifuge, the team was able to precisely spin molecules suspended in liquid helium nano-droplets, giving scientists a powerful new tool for exploring these unusual frictionless materials.

The achievement represents the first successful demonstration of controlled molecular rotation inside a superfluid. Researchers can now directly adjust both the direction and speed of a molecule’s rotation, making it possible to investigate how molecules interact with their quantum surroundings at different rotational frequencies. The work, led by researchers at the University of British Columbia (UBC) in collaboration with the University of Freiburg, was published in Physical Review Letters.

“Controlling the rotation of a molecule dissolved in any fluid is a challenge,” said Dr. Valery Milner, associate professor with UBC Physics and Astronomy and author on the paper.

Plug-and-play single-photon source can work at room temperature

The Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) has developed a room-temperature single-photon source built into a compact 19-inch rack-mounted device that operates without cryogenic cooling. Designed as a plug-and-play system that works as soon as it is powered on, the device moves quantum light source technology beyond the laboratory and closer to practical, onsite use.

The study is published in the journal Laser & Photonics Reviews.

A single-photon source is a device that generates particles of light, or photons, one at a time. It serves as the starting point for photon-based quantum technologies such as quantum communication, quantum sensing and quantum measurement.

Ultrafast scanning tunneling microscopy reaches the quantum mechanical space-time limit for the first time

Werner Heisenberg’s famous uncertainty principle describes one of the most intriguing features of quantum physics: certain pairs of physical quantities describing a particle, such as position and momentum, cannot simultaneously be determined with arbitrary precision—not because of imprecise measuring instruments, but because nature forbids it. Between position and time, however, there is no Heisenberg uncertainty principle.

A research team comprising several groups at RUN led by Profs. Jascha Repp, Rupert Huber, Franz Giessibl, and Klaus Richter, as well as a team from the Max Planck Institute in Hamburg led by Angel Rubio, has now observed for the first time that the location and time evolution of an electron cannot be measured with arbitrary precision simultaneously. This so-called space-time limit has important implications for future applications. The work is published in the journal Nature Photonics.

Many future technologies, from green tech and quantum technologies to high-performance electronics for artificial intelligence, require a precise understanding of how matter functions at the microscopic level: how chemical reactions occur, how light interacts with matter, and how electrons move through electronic components. High-resolution still images of the microscopic building blocks of matter are not sufficient for this; rather, time-resolved slow-motion movies from the nanocosmos are needed.

Physicists Create an Exotic New Form Of Matter: The ‘Fermi Sea’

At the lowest temperatures in the Universe, physics gets funky.

When atoms are cooled to just above absolute zero (−459.67 degrees Fahrenheit, or-273.15 degrees Celsius), they can conduct electricity without resistance, become ’super-particle’ clouds, or flow without friction and climb up the walls of their containers.

Existence at the smallest, coldest scales is ruled by quantum statistics, which determine the behavior of bosons and fermions: the two families of fundamental particles thought to comprise every thing in the Universe.

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Quantum properties of multimode light observed despite extreme losses

Quantum properties of light are extremely delicate. When researchers attempt to measure them, even small losses on the way to a detector can make them invisible, limiting their use outside carefully controlled environments. A collaborative team of researchers involving scientists at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light (MPL) has shown a new way to measure several quantum channels of light at the same time and reveal their entanglement, even when almost all of the light is lost before reaching the detector. The results, recently published in Nature Communications, open new possibilities for scalable quantum technologies.

Anyone who has used an old radio or television is familiar with noise in the sound or picture. These are random fluctuations that distort the transmitted information. Light behaves in a similar way. It also exhibits noise, appearing as fluctuations of the electromagnetic field. Even perfect laser light has such fluctuations, known as shot noise.

Single ion maps 3D electromagnetic fields above chips with record sensitivity

Researchers at ETH Zurich have developed a method that uses a single ion to detect electromagnetic fields above a surface and to create a three-dimensional map of them. In the future, this approach can be used to improve chips for quantum computers and quantum sensors.

Single electrically charged atoms—ions—have been successfully used for some time as quantum bits in quantum computers and quantum sensors. Unlike the bulky ion traps of the early years, there are now miniaturized chips in which ions can be trapped and manipulated only a hair’s breadth above the surface of the chip. This has many advantages, but also one decisive drawback: Noisy electromagnetic fields coming from the chip itself can severely impair the sensitive quantum states of the ions and hence the performance of the computer or sensor.

A team of researchers led by Jonathan Home, a professor at the Institute for Quantum Electronics at ETH Zurich, has now developed a technique that allows them to create a very precise three-dimensional map of electric and magnetic fields very close to the surface of the chip. In the future, materials for chip production can be better optimized and tested for their suitability for use in quantum applications. The results of their research were recently published in Science Advances.

Orbitronics clears key hurdle with direct orbital currents, boosting signals 100-fold

Researchers at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU) are the first to directly utilize orbital currents without the need for conversion of the orbital current into a spin current.

“We have thus realized the first purely orbitronic device approach,” said Dr. Christin Schmitt, a scientist in the research group of Professor Mathias Kläui at the JGU Institute of Physics.

Orbitronics is a promising technology for future memory devices, as it could enable the realization of large-scale storage media with extremely low energy consumption. It is based on orbital moments, which can be described in simplified terms as the quantum-mechanical “vortices” of electrons around atomic nuclei, as well as orbital currents, i.e., the movement of these circulations through an electrical conductor.

Spontaneous current loops in a kagome metal point to hidden quantum order

Quantum materials, materials exhibiting physical behavior governed by the laws of quantum mechanics, have proved promising for the development of numerous advanced technologies, including quantum technologies, memory devices and solar panels. In some of these materials, electrons can collectively arrange themselves in unusual patterns, giving rise to states that cannot be explained by classical physics theories.

For more than two decades, theoretical physicists have predicted the existence of a loop current order in some quantum materials. This is a state characterized by tiny electrical currents circulating around microscopic loops inside a crystal, which would produce no measurable electric current flowing through a material.

These current loops were predicted to emerge when electrons spontaneously organize themselves into a less symmetrical pattern than the crystal itself, even if atoms remain in similar positions. While this phenomenon was widely studied and described by theorists in the past, it has so far proved difficult to observe experimentally.

Quantum semiconductor design could expand search for dark matter

Dark matter accounts for 85% of the matter in the universe, but scientists still do not know what it is made of. A study, published in Physical Review Letters, by Rice University researchers proposes a detector design that could help search for axions, hypothetical particles that many physicists think could make up dark matter.

The proposed detector would rely on a class of semiconductor materials whose response changes when their orientation shifts within a magnetic field. This material response makes it easier to tune the detector, allowing researchers to probe a range of axion masses that have remained difficult to explore with existing technologies.

“We are proposing a well-studied material from condensed matter physics for a new application—axion detection,” said Jaanita Mehrani, a doctoral student in Rice’s Applied Physics Graduate Program who is the first author on the study. “What’s different about this material is that it doesn’t have to use complex mechanical tuning mechanisms, it simply tunes with the magnetic field.”

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