Toggle light / dark theme

Uncovering the embodied dimension of the wandering mind

When at rest, the mind becomes preoccupied with self-generated thoughts, commonly known as mind-wandering. While the social, autobiographical, and temporal features of these thoughts have been extensively studied, little is known about how frequently the wandering mind turns toward the interoceptive and somatic body. To map this underexplored component of “body-wandering,” we conducted a large-scale neuroimaging study in 536 healthy participants, expanding a retrospective multidimensional experience sampling approach to include probes targeting visceral and somatomotor thoughts. Our findings reveal a robust interindividual dimension of body-wandering characterized by negative affect, high autonomic arousal, and a reduction in socially oriented thoughts.

Fieldoscopy reveals femtosecond optical switching in 15 nm indium tin oxide nanocrystals

Just as an antenna interacts with radio waves, light interacts with metallic nanostructures. Therefore, understanding how a structure influences field oscillations provides valuable insights into the structure’s physical properties. An international research team, including scientists from the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light (MPL), is investigating the changes in field oscillations that occur when light interacts with indium tin oxide (ITO) nanocrystals. This will deepen our understanding of how the interaction between light and these nanocrystals depends on time.

Precise and high-speed control of light is crucial to optical communication. It opens up the possibility to transmit data more quickly and efficiently in the future. Optical switches, which can activate or deactivate light pulses selectively, are a key component in achieving this.

To ensure optimal performance and prevent delays caused by switching times, the switches must respond very fast. Ideally, they also have the highest possible modulation depth. This refers to the difference in brightness between the light transmitted in the “on” and “off” states. Additionally, a suitable switch exhibits the same predictable behavior each time it is used.

Novel measurement confirms a 50-year-old prediction: Dark points are faster than light

A research group from the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology reports in Nature an unprecedented achievement in electron microscopy: the direct measurement of “dark points” within light waves. By doing so, the researchers were able to confirm a prediction from the 1970s that the speed of these points exceeds the speed of light.

The “dark points” measured by the group are essentially tiny “holes” in the wave structure. Known as vortices, the holes are a common phenomenon in nature: We encounter them in ocean waves, in air currents, and even in coffee when we stir it or pour it into the sink. As early as the 1970s, a surprising theoretical prediction was proposed: Vortices may move faster than the wave in which they are formed. As strange as it sounds—imagine a vortex in a river overtaking the flow of water in which it exists—the phenomenon is real. Until now, this was based on theory. The research team’s achievement has now confirmed it experimentally.

RNase L regulates the antiviral proteome by accelerating mRNA decay, inhibiting nuclear mRNA export, and repressing transcription

Watkins et al. show that RNase L dampens the expression of interferon-stimulated genes by accelerating mRNA decay, inhibiting nuclear mRNA export block, and repressing transcription.

Motivations behind violent extremism uncovered in new global study

New research from the University of St Andrews has revealed that human readiness for intergroup violence is not a single or unified mindset. Published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the new study, spanning 58 countries and involving more than 100 researchers from various institutions around the world, demonstrates that violent extremist intentions are driven by two fundamentally different psychological motivations.

These are defensive extremism, which aims to protect a group from perceived threats, and offensive extremism, which seeks to establish group dominance and expand influence.

This preregistered study analyzed data from 18,128 participants globally. The findings indicate that defensive extremist intentions are consistently more prevalent, showing higher levels of endorsement than offensive intentions in 56 out of the 58 surveyed nations. This suggests a widespread tendency to find protective violence more morally acceptable than violence aimed at conquest.

/* */