During cell division, faithful chromosome segregation is ensured by the mitotic spindle. van Toorn et al. uncovered that Cdk1-mediated phosphorylation of the dynein-activating adaptor NuMA promotes the timely assembly of dynein/dynactin/NuMA complexes, essential for correct mitotic progression and genome integrity.
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Hello and welcome! My name is Anton and in this video, we will talk about the formation of first complex life
Links:
https://www.cell.com/action/showPdf?p…
https://theconversation.com/how-the-o… https://theconversation.com/first-con…
https://www.uwa.edu.au/oceans-institu…
Other videos:
• Major Discovery on the Origin of Life Foun…
• Mind-blowing Discoveries About Asgard Arch…
• Ancient Bacterial Life Found on Saudi Arab…
• Major Discovery on the Origin of Life Foun…
• Are We Actually Controlled by Mitochondria…
#originoflife #biology #earth.
0:00 Origins of complex life on Earth 1:00 Gathaagudu or Shark Bay and its stromatolites 2:10 Archae and why they matter — formation of eukaryotes 3:30 Asgard archaea 4:40 Study tries to grow complex life 5:40 What was done and why it matters 7:30 Additional research on where this started 9:35 Implications and conclusions.
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• Why AI Will Never Be Conscious — Anil Seth.
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The gauge bosons of the standard model of particle physics are responsible for 3 of the 4 known forces in the universe. A force is conferred is through the exchange of virtual bosons. So for example in electromagnetism, an exchange of virtual photons results in an exchange of momentum which results in two like charges repelling each other.
Gravity is missing from this picture because in General relativity, gravity is not a force, but is a curvature of space-time. The problem is that stars and planets are made of molecules, atoms and radiation. And the forces that hold the atoms together are due to discrete units of virtual particles. It is the exchange or swapping of these virtual bosons that holds or breaks up atoms and molecules.
Quantum mechanics conflicts with general relativity, because QM treats every thing as being discrete, and GR treats everything as being continuous. We need a theory that combines the two because we live in one reality, not two different realities.
This is why most physicists believe General relativity is incomplete. Why can’t quantum mechanics be the one that is incomplete?
Of the 4 fundamental forces, 3 have very robust quantum mechanical theories. Only gravity lacks a quantum description. Quantum mechanics also has almost all of classical physics within in its limits. Classical physics like general relativity, does not have quantum effects. We have learned is that Quantum physics is the fundamental language of reality.
One way to quantize gravity is to quantize space-time itself. This is what loop quantum gravity or LQG does. It shows that the fabric of space-time is not continuous, but is made up of discrete quanta, like the pixels on a TV screen. This is different than string theory, because in string theory, space is the background or the canvas, on which strings vibrate.
Laniakea, the dynamics of the cosmic web, and our pale blue dot
Following reports of recurring DRM checks, Sony clarifies that digital games only require a single online verification to confirm ownership in a new statement.
The transitions of hydrogen molecules embedded in a crystal depend on the surroundings—a behavior that could be used to tailor molecular quantum dynamics.
In quantum physics, we often learn that the rules governing a system are set by its symmetry. These rules—known as selection rules—determine which transitions between quantum states are allowed and which are forbidden. For example, rotational symmetry constrains how an atom’s angular momentum can change. But what if those rules are not fixed? A recent study of hydrogen (H2)—one of the simplest molecules in nature—showed that the allowed pathways between quantum states are determined not solely by the molecule’s internal symmetry but also by its surroundings. By embedding hydrogen molecules in different crystalline environments, Nathan McLane and colleagues from the University of Maryland, College Park, have demonstrated that the symmetry of the host material can selectively enable or suppress nuclear-spin transitions [1]. In doing so, the team revealed that quantum dynamics is not just an intrinsic property—it can be shaped by the environment.
H2 is one of the simplest systems for exploring quantum behavior. Its two identical protons can align their spins in two different ways: In so-called orthohydrogen the nuclear spins are parallel, whereas in parahydrogen they are antiparallel. Although this difference is subtle, it leads to markedly different physical properties for the two forms. Crucially, transitions between them are highly constrained: In an isolated hydrogen molecule, the overall wave function is symmetric under exchange of the two protons, and this exchange symmetry forbids direct conversion between ortho and para states [2]. This restriction makes H2 a textbook example of how symmetry governs quantum dynamics.
New technology enables the insertion of a large segment of DNA into a genome, potentially expanding gene therapy treatment from cancellation of disease-causing mutations to replacement of an entire gene, scientists say.
Reporting in Nature, the researchers describe building upon a technique called prime editing by inserting DNA that attaches to the genome through a series of overlapping flaps. This method, which they call a prime assembly approach, avoids a bottleneck in the gene therapy field—a double-strand break to the donor DNA that can cause toxicity and kill cells.
“Using this method, we are doing genome assembly rather than making a small edit in a gene,” said Bin Liu, a co-lead author of the study and assistant professor of biological chemistry and pharmacology at The Ohio State University College of Medicine. “If we think of the genome as a book, we can remove one paragraph and replace it with a new one—or even rewrite a chapter.”