Pathways that favor the balance of immune cells toward those with healing potential offer therapeutic promise following injury. Here, Lynch at al. show that treatment with IL-4 expands pro-reparative macrophages through proliferation while driving concurrent death of their more inflammatory precursors, resulting in accelerated hepatic repair following acute liver injury.
Open Access.
Zheng, Y., Giri, S., Zhang, J. et al. Nat Immunol (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-026-02509-3 Abstract Allergic asthma is driven by type 2 immune responses, including type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). Although ILC2s are activated by the tissue alarmins interleukin (IL)-33 and IL-25, these signals do not intrinsically enforce type 2 identity and the mechanisms that maintain type 2 cytokine expression remain unclear. Here we show that allergen-induced IL-33 and IL-25 rapidly induce IL-9, which in turn upregulates the transcriptional repressor Blimp-1 in ILC2s. Blimp-1 sustains type 2 immunity by directly repressing type 1 inflammatory programs, including expression of interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor. Deletion of Blimp-1 in ILC2s increased type 1 cytokine production and reduced IL-5 and IL-13 expression, eosinophil recruitment and mucus production in the lung. In contrast, IL-9 expression was enhanced in the absence of Blimp-1, leading to increased mast cell recruitment. Together, these findings identify Blimp-1 as a key regulator of ILC2 transcriptional fidelity that stabilizes type 2 inflammation while constraining divergent inflammatory programs during allergic responses.
Background: Atypical carcinoid of the thymus is an exceptionally rare neuroendocrine tumor originating from neuroendocrine cells within the thymus. These tumors often present with no symptoms or with nonspecific clinical signs, making early diagnosis particularly challenging. Despite their rarity, atypical carcinoids are clinically significant due to their aggressive nature and relatively poor prognosis. Early detection and appropriate management are therefore crucial to improving patient outcomes. Results: In this report, we present the case of a 64-year-old patient in whom an atypical carcinoid of the thymus was incidentally discovered following a thoracic computed tomography scan performed for unrelated reasons. Imaging revealed a suspicious anterior mediastinal mass, which was subsequently surgically resected.
Microbiota in clinical cancer immunotherapy.
Gut microbiota research has progressed from mechanistic studies to clinical trials, revealing strong potential to enhance cancer immunotherapy.
Fecal microbiota transplantation, single bacterial strains, and defined microbial consortia are in clinical testing; yet, standardization and implementation remain major challenges.
Donor selection, patient enrollment, microbiota implantation, antibiotic use, safety assessment, and endpoint evaluation each offer distinct opportunities and obstacles.
A ‘4D’ framework, enhancing diversity, diffusion, depth, and delicacy, can guide the optimization of microbiomebased immunotherapy. sciencenewshighlights ScienceMission https://sciencemission.com/microbiota-to-clinical-cancer
Fundamental research has elucidated the indispensable role of gut microbiota in modulating cancer immunotherapy efficacy. Despite promising preclinical findings, few related approaches have reached clinical trials. In this opinion, we provide insights based on current clinical trials using fecal microbiota transplant or specific bacterial strains as adjuvants to enhance immune checkpoint blockade therapy. We also systematically analyze the challenges in trial design, with a focus on donor selection, patient enrollment, implantation procedures, antibiotic use, safety assessment, and endpoint evaluation. Moving forward, we offer a comprehensive ‘4D’ framework (diversity, diffusion, depth, and delicacy) for accelerating the bench-to-bedside translation.
It’s been a very long time, but the wait is finally over. If you’re not familiar with it, VirtuCamera by The Weird Byte is a real-time camera motion capture mobile app, originally released in 2021. It now returns with its biggest update yet, featuring a full-screen viewport, a redesigned user interface, and, most importantly, support for Android, as well as compatibility with newer versions of Blender, Cinema 4D, Maya, 3ds Max, and Houdini.
You can now use it with Blender 5.1, 5.0, and LTS 4.5, Maya and 3ds Max 2026 and 2027, Houdini 21, and Cinema 4D 2026. On top of that, you can also build your own integration using the PyVirtuCamera Python API.
More features are also planned for the near future, including joystick support, custom script handling, and slider presets for commonly used values. Support for Unreal and Unity is “definitely possible”, according to the developers, “it depends on demand, how the app evolves, and where we focus next”
Online now: Lee et al. demonstrate that oxidative stress reprograms astrocytes to produce collagen through glycosylation-dependent mechanisms, driving glial barrier formation and progressive neuronal death after stroke. Targeting this pathway disrupts the glial barrier, prevents neurodegeneration, and improves functional recovery. A drug candidate, KDS12025, shows a potent effect in a non-human primate stroke model.
The hippocampus is a key brain region involved in memory formation and spatial orientation. It transforms short-term memories into long-term ones, helping us retain and build upon our experiences. Researchers led by Magdalena Walz Professor for Life Sciences Peter Jonas at the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) focus precisely on this area of the brain.
Their latest study, published in Nature Communications, reveals how the central neural network in the hippocampus develops after birth.
Imagine a blank sheet of paper in front of you. There’s nothing on it so you start writing, adding more and more information. This is the principle of tabula rasa—the “blank slate.”
Studying cognition by averaging data from many people’s brain scans hides how individuals use their brains, new Stanford Medicine research has shown. In particular, children who struggle with goal-oriented tasks show distinct patterns of brain activity when their data is analyzed individually, rather than as part of a group of kids with mixed abilities. The findings, which have implications for understanding how the brain works in such conditions as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, will be published April 27 in Nature Communications.
“Investigating how dynamics unfold within individual brains can provide significant insights into the neuroscience of individual differences and help us tackle questions that cannot be answered using conventional approaches,” said Percy Mistry, Ph.D., a research scholar in psychiatry and behavioral sciences, and a lead author of the study.
Mistry shares lead authorship with Nicholas Branigan, MS, a research data analyst in psychiatry and behavioral sciences. The senior author is Vinod Menon, Ph.D., a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and the Rachael L. and Walter F. Nichols, MD, Professor.