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Category: chemistry

Spin wave signals used in computing boosted more than 5,000 times in Z-shaped path approach

A research team from Tohoku University, Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., and École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) has invented a new way to efficiently guide spin waves around sharp corners with minimal loss—representing an exciting discovery for energy-efficient computing. Using a two-dimensional magnonic crystal—a copper (Cu) film with a hexagonal array of tiny holes placed on a magnetic garnet film—the team showed through calculations that spin waves travel along a Z-shaped path more than 5,000 times more efficiently than in conventional waveguides.

As artificial intelligence and data centers consume ever more electricity, heat from conventional electronics has become a serious problem. Spin waves are ripples of magnetization in a magnetic material that can carry information with far less heat than moving electrons, making them promising for reduced-energy computing. However, spin waves weaken quickly as they travel, especially when a waveguide is bent. This signal loss has long been the biggest obstacle to building practical spin wave circuits.

Quantum entanglement provides a new framework for understanding chemical bonding

Chemical bonding is one of the central organizing principles of the microscopic world. It determines how atoms combine and thereby governs a wide range of physical and chemical properties of quantum systems across many length scales, ranging from small molecules and biomolecules to macroscopically large solid materials.

Yet, despite its fundamental importance and its prominent role already in high school science education, chemical bonds remain surprisingly elusive from the perspective of quantum mechanics. They are indispensable for describing matter, even though they are not directly observable quantities.

In a recent article published in Nature Communications, the group led by LMU physicist Christian Schilling and member of the MCQST Cluster of Excellence, addresses this long-standing challenge using concepts from quantum information theory.

A versatile self-cleaning fabric coating as a detergent-free laundry product

face_with_colon_three Self cleaning fabric coating. This could reduce the need for detergent and other chemicals that could be harmful to the environment.

Routine household laundry leads to the release of detergent residues and textile-derived microplastics, contributing to water pollution. Here, the authors report a self-cleaning polyelectrolyte multilayer coating that can be applied to both hydrophobic synthetic fibers and hydrophilic cotton textiles to remove food stains, oily residues, and pathogens, providing a detergent-free laundry product requiring reduced rinsing.

Prof. RHO Jun-seok Advances Metalens Technology from Manufacturing to Display Applications in Two Nature Papers

Nanoprinting imprinting metalenses 100x faster than lithography.

Professor RHO Jun-seok from the Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Chemical Engineering at POSTECH has gained international attention for developing a mass-production process for metalenses and a switchable 2D-3D display technology based on them. The two studies were simultaneously published in the April 30 issue of Nature. This marks the first case in Korea of a researcher publishing two separate papers as corresponding author in the same issue of the journal.

A metalens is a flat optical device that controls light using nanoscale structures rather than curved glass. By replacing bulky glass lenses with engineered surface patterns, optical systems become far thinner and lighter. Because this enables control of light at scales smaller than its wavelength, metamaterials are often regarded as a Nobel Prize–worthy field of research.

The first study addressed a key barrier to commercialization: large-scale manufacturing. Production has so far relied on expensive and complex semiconductor fabrication processes due to the extreme precision required, making it slow, costly, and largely limited to laboratory research. To overcome this, Prof. RHO’s team developed a Roll-to-Roll Nanoimprint process enabling continuous production using a cylindrical roller. Instead of fabricating nanoscale structures one by one on rigid molds, flexible polymer molds were used to imprint patterns onto thin films. This shifts fabrication from a one-at-a-time process to continuous factory-scale production. The team produced over 300 metalenses per second, about 100 times faster than conventional methods, while maintaining consistent performance over a 200-meter process.

Researchers capture inception of hydrogen-uranium reaction for the first time

When hydrogen gas interacts with uranium metal, the combination creates a chemically reactive powder and a runaway reaction that is difficult to stop. The result can impact the safety and lifespan of technology critical for fusion energy, hydrogen storage and nuclear fuels.

In a recent study published in npj Materials Degradation, researchers from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) observed and characterized the beginning stages of hydrogen-uranium corrosion for the first time. The result will lead to more predictive and physically grounded models for how uranium components degrade.

Imagine the hydrogen-uranium interaction like a geyser. Much like surface water seeping through cracks to make its way underground, hydrogen dissolves and diffuses into the uranium metal. This happens silently and invisibly until it becomes too much hydrogen for the uranium to hold. The two materials combine to form a new compound called uranium hydride, which takes up significantly more volume than the original uranium metal.

Single-step 8-9x expansion reveals nanoscale centrioles without electron microscopy

In a study published in ACS Nano, researchers from National Taiwan University report a new expansion microscopy strategy termed high-fold homogeneous expansion microscopy (hiHomoExM), capable of achieving approximately 8–9× isotropic expansion in a single expansion step while preserving delicate ultrastructural organization.

Expansion microscopy works by embedding biological samples within a swellable polymer hydrogel. Following chemical processing, the hydrogel expands uniformly in water, physically separating biomolecules and effectively increasing the spatial resolution achievable by conventional light microscopes.

“To achieve nanoscale imaging faithfully, both high expansion and homogeneous specimen preservation are essential,” explains the research team. “Nonuniform expansion can distort ultrastructural information and limit biological interpretation.”

The nocebo effect: How prior experience and verbal suggestion rewire the brain to make pain worse

Researchers have a better understanding of the nocebo effect and the neuroscience behind it all. Opposite of the better-known placebo effect, where positive expectations trigger genuine pain relief, the nocebo effect is the experience from negative expectations, created by prior experience, verbal suggestion, or social observation, which can drive anxiety and make pain worse.

A new study published in Nature Communications, by researchers at the University of Toronto Mississauga and McGill University, identified a brain pathway through which negative expectations can amplify pain. The findings, generated independently by the two labs without prior coordination, converged on the neurochemical cholecystokinin (CCK), which has previously been linked to nocebo pain responses in humans.

The researchers identified a specific brain pathway through which CCK acts, traveling from the brain’s anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a region involved in the emotional dimensions of pain, to a midbrain structure called the lateral periaqueductal gray (lPAG), where it increases pain sensitivity.

AI-powered spectrometer chip shrinks lab technology to the size of a grain of sand

A new AI-powered chip from UC Davis can analyze light and chemicals using a device tiny enough to fit almost anywhere. By combining smart silicon sensors with machine learning, it achieves lab-style spectral analysis without the bulky equipment.

My Video Tour of Alcor and Interview with CEO Max More

What counts as death? And who gets to decide?

In the summer of 2013, I traveled to Scottsdale, Arizona to visit the Alcor Life Extension Foundation, the world’s leading cryonics organization, founded in 1972. CEO Dr. Max More gave me a full tour of the facilities and walked me through the entire process: from the moment clinical death is declared, through controlled cooling and vitrification, to the cryo-tanks holding (at the time) 117 patients in long-term storage.

I also asked him, somewhat selfishly, whether my big bald head would fit comfortably in a neuro-patient container.

After the tour, Max sat down with me for a 25-minute conversation that covered:

Affordability and the real cost of membership Why minimizing cooling delays after clinical death is critical, and what long-distance members do about it Preserving pets, because of course people ask Chemical brain preservation as an alternative path The importance of protecting the neuron’s microtubules The case for an X Prize style competition to reduce tissue damage Where cryonics sits inside the broader transhumanist project.

My favorite line from Max, the one I still come back to:

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