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How do water rings ‘bounce?’ New discovery answers decades-old question

Air rings blown by dolphins swimming underwater and rings of smoke emitted by jet engines are just two examples of vortex rings. These doughnut-shaped structures and their mesmerizing movement have been studied for decades given their role in propulsion and—in the case of jellyfish and other invertebrates—biological locomotion.

A team of researchers at New York University and NYU Shanghai has uncovered a remarkable property of vortex rings that has been overlooked for more than a century—one that illuminates how these rings respond when they move through water and reach air (i.e., at the water-air interface).

When a vortex traveling sideways and up through water reaches the surface and meets air, it can rebound while largely maintaining its shape—much like a bouncing off a wall. After the reflection, the ring loses only a small fraction of its energy. However, if the vortex ring moves more directly upward, it breaks apart instead of bouncing.

Apple Can’t Keep Up With Tesla: Here’s Why

Tesla, led by its innovative and dynamic leadership, is poised for massive growth and has surpassed Apple, which has lost its edge due to poor management and a lack of innovation, in areas such as autonomous vehicles and tech innovation.

Questions to inspire discussion.

Tesla’s Innovation Strategy.
🚀 Q: How does Tesla’s vertical integration contribute to its innovation? A: Tesla’s vertical integration enables it to control the entire product stack, from raw materials to software and service, allowing for tight feedback loops, cost reduction, and rapid iteration in product development.

Tesla Just SHOOK the Entire Robotaxi Market

Tesla is poised to dominate the robotaxi market with its unique, vertically integrated approach and scalable technology, which is expected to disrupt the market, give it pricing power, and potentially drive competitors out ##

## Questions to inspire discussion.

Tesla’s Robotaxi Strategy.

🚗 Q: How is Tesla accelerating its robotaxi rollout? A: Tesla is expanding geography in Austin, offering safe and fully autonomous Waymo rides on Uber, and entering the Indian market, with Wall Street underestimating the potential of these incremental moves.

🏭 Q: What advantages does Tesla have in the robotaxi market? A: Tesla’s vertically integrated technology allows them to control their destiny and cost structure from silicon to cleaning head, giving them a significant edge over competitors relying on partnerships and procurement.

Market Impact and Competition.

ReElement Technologies uses Purdue tech in rare earth elements production critical to semiconductor manufacturing, other new-age technologies

Many essential products, from smartphones and magnets to electric vehicles, semiconductors and wind turbines, need rare earth metals to perform.

The rapidly growing demand for these critical products has led to increased need for domestic production of rare earth elements (REEs). However, according to the U.S. Geological Survey, the nation is still lagging globally behind countries such as China, with just over 14% of the world’s REE raw ore production and none of the world’s refining capacity. Purdue University is changing this harsh reality by using its patented rare earth technology in a partnership with Indiana-based ReElement Technologies in an effort to narrow the gap between the U.S. and the rest of the world in this critical industry.


Indy-area company builds on cutting-edge Purdue technology to help narrow the international gap in essential area.

Robotaxi Will Make Tesla Trillions

Tesla’s robo-taxi service has the potential to lead to a trillion-dollar valuation due to its scalable, low-cost AI approach, and could generate trillions of dollars in profit, significantly outpacing competitors.

Questions to inspire discussion.

Tesla’s Robo Taxi Business Model.
🚗 Q: What potential profit could Tesla’s robo taxi model generate per vehicle? A: Tesla’s robo taxi model could generate $150,000 in profit per year from each vehicle if charging prices similar to Uber.

“Your move, Tesla” — Waymo Swallows Tesla Robotaxi Service Area In One Gulp

Questions to inspire discussion.

🤝 Q: What are the potential issues with the Uber-Lucid-Neuro robotaxi partnership? A: The partnership is a “cluster f waiting to happen” due to independent entities involved, which typically end in a “messy divorce”, making it potentially uncompetitive against fully integrated solutions like Tesla’s.

🗺️ Q: How does Tesla’s robotaxi service area expansion compare to Waymo’s? A: Tesla expanded its service area in 22 days, while Waymo’s first service area expansion in Austin, Texas took 4 months and 13 days, demonstrating Tesla’s faster and more aggressive approach to expansion.

Business Viability.

💼 Q: What concerns exist about the Uber-Lucid-Neuro robotaxi partnership’s business case? A: While considered a “breakout moment” for autonomous vehicles, the business case and return on investment for the service remain unclear, according to former Ford CEO Mark Fields.

🏭 Q: What manufacturing advantage does Tesla have in the robotaxi market? A: Tesla’s fully vertically integrated approach and ability to mass-manufacture Cyber Cabs at a scale of tens of thousands per month gives it a significant cost-per-mile advantage over competitors using more expensive, non-specialized vehicles. ## Key Insights.

New liquid can simplify hydrogen transportation and storage

Researchers at EPFL and Kyoto University have created a stable hydrogen-rich liquid formed by mixing two simple chemicals. This breakthrough could make hydrogen storage easier, safer, and more efficient at room temperature.

Hydrogen can be the clean fuel of the future, but getting it from the lab to everyday life isn’t simple. Most hydrogen-rich materials are solids at , or they only become liquids under like high pressure or freezing temperatures.

Even materials such as , a solid, hydrogen-rich compound that can store a lot of hydrogen, are difficult because they release hydrogen only when heated, often producing unwanted byproducts.