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Category: food

How intermittent fasting may shield the brain from chronic stress

Chronic stress, the prolonged exposure to psychological and/or physical strain, is known to be a risk factor for depression, anxiety and some other psychiatric disorders. Past studies suggest that chronic stress disrupts the integrity of myelin, a fatty insulating layer that surrounds nerve fibers and helps electrical signals travel efficiently between brain cells.

Identifying lifestyle changes that can reverse or diminish the adverse effects of chronic stress on the brain could be advantageous, as they could potentially help prevent or delay the onset of various psychiatric conditions. Recently, some researchers have been exploring the potential brain benefits of intermittent fasting (IF), a dietary pattern that entails alternating between set periods of eating and fasting.

Past findings suggest that IF can improve people’s metabolism and help reduce inflammation, the body’s natural response to disease or injury. Yet its effects on people’s mental health and well-being have not yet been clearly determined.

This microbe turns into a cannibalistic ‘Hulk’

A newly discovered microbe is like a mini version of the Hulk.

Euplotes gigatrox is a single-celled protist that resembles an insect. It grazes on bacteria and other tiny microbes. Sometimes a small number of the protists balloon into “supergiants” more than twice their regular size. The huge cells cannibalize their smaller, genetically identical brethren. The triggers for the change aren’t entirely clear, but it tends to happen when there is plenty of food, researchers reported May 14 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Some boreal forest species fail to recover even 100 years after clearcutting

Boreal forests are being clear-cut faster than some of their wildlife and plant species can recover, with a few failing to return even 100 years after harvesting, according to University of Alberta-led research.

The comprehensive global analysis looked at how clear-cutting—when all trees in an area are felled—affects birds, small mammals, spiders, insects, vascular plants, mosses and lichens in forests that are harvested for lumber or pulp and paper production. The researchers compared logged and unlogged areas over many decades, tracking how long it took to return to the biodiversity levels of a mature forest. The findings are published in the journal Nature Sustainability.

While some species came back within 30 years—soon enough to fall within the typical 60-to 80-year logging cycles—others won’t fit into that timeline, warns biologist Dr. Ellen Macdonald, a professor emerita in the Faculty of Agricultural, Life & Environmental Sciences and lead author of the study.

Two South Korean companies named Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix now manufacture roughly two-thirds of the memory chips inside almost every digital device on Earth — produced inside a country whose 1953 per-capita income was lower than Somalia’s or Haiti’s

Open any device built in the past five years, look inside its memory subsystem, and the chips you find were almost certainly fabricated in one of three South Korean industrial cities — Hwaseong, Pyeongtaek, or Icheon — by one of two companies whose combined market capitalisation now exceeds $700 billion. The historical improbability of this situation is not a matter of degree but of category. Korea in 1953 did not have a semiconductor industry, a precision manufacturing tradition, an advanced engineering workforce, or the kind of capital markets that could finance industrial development. It had a per-capita income lower than essentially every other country whose subsequent economic trajectory has been studied by development economists, a primarily agricultural economy substantially destroyed by three years of active warfare, and a small population (~20 million) whose adult literacy rate stood at approximately 20 percent. The proposition that, 72 years later, two companies headquartered in the same country would manufacture the memory chips inside Apple’s iPhones, Google’s Pixel devices, Microsoft’s data centres, Nvidia’s AI accelerators, Tesla’s autonomous-driving computers, and essentially every other major piece of digital hardware sold globally — would have been considered, by any reasonable observer in 1953, structurally impossible.

Meet EcoBOT: The Autonomous Lab Standardizing Plant-Microbe Research

To harness biological systems (plants and microbes) for next-generation energy production and advanced materials, researchers are looking to beneficial plant-microbe interactions. Because these are complex systems, it has proven difficult to reproducibly control exactly which microbes are present. And, subtle differences in materials, methods, or even the hands of the researchers themselves can lead to inconsistent results. This makes it difficult to replicate previous work, significantly slowing the leap from scientific discovery to practical application.

Researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) are overcoming this bottleneck by addressing a multi-layered challenge: building reliable physical hardware, engineering accurate visual sensors, and developing predictive algorithms. Their solution, EcoBOT, stands out from typical plant phenotyping facilities by integrating these distinct components into a reliably automated workflow under strictly sterile conditions.

EcoBOT takes specialized growth chambers, called EcoFABs, and integrates them with machine-learning tools that autonomously guide the discovery cycle. This system uses advanced imaging to regularly scan the entire plant—from the tips of its leaves to the bottom of its roots. By using Gaussian Process models and AI analysis tools, it can quickly analyze and model this visual data to calculate the most informative next steps. This directs the automated hardware to determine exactly how plants adapt to environmental stressors, establishing the crucial microbe-free baseline needed to eventually study plant-microbe interactions and engineer better bioenergy crops.

AI Will Eat Social Media Alive

Social media is being consumed by AI from the inside out.

Over half of all new written content online is now AI-generated, and more than half of all internet traffic is bots.

Facebook’s most-viewed images are AI slop, YouTube recommends brainrot to new users, and global content farms churn out synthetic shock content for pennies.

The platforms aren’t fighting it because engagement is engagement, whether it comes from humans or machines.

Mark Zuckerberg is calling AI the \.

Scientists design a clay that can prevent fruits and vegetables from rotting too quickly

Avocados from Chile, bananas from Costa Rica, tomatoes from southern Spain, mangoes from Brazil. A large share of the fruit and vegetables we eat have traveled across the globe before they reach store shelves here at home. But many millions of tons are lost every year before they get that far.

One of the main reasons is ethylene—a natural gas that many fruits and vegetables produce and that controls their ripening. When fruits and vegetables are confined in closed packaging or containers during transport and storage, the concentration of ethylene in the air increases, accelerating the ripening process. As a result, a large share of the cargo ends up rotting before it reaches its final destination.

Scientists develop wearable robotic system to restore hand function

Researchers at the Medical University of Vienna, in collaboration with ETH Zurich, the Technical University of Munich and Medical Faculty Belgrade, have developed a wearable neurorobotic system that combines electrical neurostimulation with hand exoskeletons. In a clinical trial involving 14 patients with hand impairments caused by neurological injury, the technology supported finger mobility, tactile perception and grip control. The results demonstrate the potential of personalised assistive systems for people living with the consequences of spinal cord or brain injury. The study has recently been published in the journal Science Advances.

Hand movements and the sense of touch are essential for everyday activities such as grasping, eating, dressing or personal hygiene. However, after damage to the central nervous system, motor and sensory impairments of the hand often persist. Conventional rehabilitation can achieve improvements, but does not always lead to sufficient restoration of hand function. There is therefore a great need for assistive technologies suitable for everyday use.

A research team led by study director Stanisa Raspopovic from the Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering at MedUni Vienna has developed the “SensoExo” system for assisting people with hand sensorimotor impairements. It combines a wearable hand exoskeleton with a custom-fitted neurostimulation sleeve. The sleeve stimulates specific nerves and muscles in the forearm through the skin. Sensors on the fingers detect touch and gripping forces and translate this information into electrical stimulation, providing users with tactile feedback. In addition, functional electrical stimulation can assist users open and close their fingers more easily.

Trace additive unlocks faster bioplastic biodegradation without losing transparency or strength

Compostable plastics could be part of a solution to the world’s plastic waste problem. But currently these materials need industrial composting facilities to break down. In a step toward making a home-compostable plastic, researchers reporting in ACS Central Science have augmented polylactide (PLA)—a widely used biobased and compostable polymer—with a small amount of an additive. Tests show it helps the material degrade substantially faster without sacrificing critical qualities like strength or transparency.

“PLA can be made to degrade much more effectively under practical composting conditions without compromising the properties that make it useful in everyday applications,” says Marc Hillmyer, a corresponding author of the paper.

PLA is currently found in products such as food packaging, textiles and biomedical devices, and it accounts for roughly two-thirds of total bio-based and biodegradable plastics production worldwide. “Composting is considered one of the most effective end-of-life strategies for PLA products, especially food-contaminated single-use products, because it eliminates the need for additional sorting and washing processes,” says Hillmyer. This process converts organic waste into environmentally innocuous products such as small organic acids.

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