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Category: bioengineering

Conversation with Nic Rouleau, part 1: “Some thoughts on the mind as material”

This is a ~1 hour talk and discussion, comprising part 1 of a conversation with a really interesting young neuroscientist, as well as friend, collaborator, and our Center member, Nicolas Rouleau (https://allencenter.tufts.edu/nicolas… goes over unconventional aspects of neuroscience touching on free will, cybernetics, consciousness, and a lot more. We start a discussion which is continued in part 2. For more information:

Nic’s website: www.rouleaulab.com.
X account: @DrNRouleau.

Recent papers to check out:

Sellar, E.P., Rouleau, N. (In Review). A cybernetic framework for synthetic biological intelligence in the era of neural tissue engineering. Preprint doi: 10.31234/osf.io/md2wf_v1.

Kansala, C., Cicek, E., Nkansah-Okoree, V., Golding, A., Murugan, N.J., Rouleau, N. (In Review). Superstitious conditioning forms the experience of free will under causal determinism. Preprint doi: 10.31234/osf.io/fk3yt_v2.

Roskies, A. \& Rouleau, N. (Forthcoming, In Press). Research on brain organoids should prioritize questions of agency, not consciousness. AJOB Neuroscience.

Continue reading “Conversation with Nic Rouleau, part 1: “Some thoughts on the mind as material”” | >

Cutting calories by 10% to 15% may boost healthy aging without extreme diets

Search the web, and you’ll find any number of biohacking techniques for promoting healthy lifespan, from taking cold baths to breathing pressurized oxygen to sleeping under a red light.

There’s a simpler path to healthy aging, and science from Tufts and elsewhere has shown that it really works: Just eat a little bit less. Cutting down on calorie intake by as little as 10–15% can lower the risk of developing age-related illnesses by improving cardiovascular health, lowering blood pressure, and improving glucose tolerance, among many other benefits. For some people, reaping these benefits can be as easy as giving up one large latte per day.

The work is published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

Biomimetic Microfibers for Myelin-Enhancer Screening and Neural Regeneration

Roles of lysosomal small-molecule transporters in metabolism and signaling

Small-molecule transporters of the lysosomal membrane export lysosomal catabolites for reuse in cell metabolism.

These transporters often show substrate promiscuity and, conversely, a given metabolite is often exported through distinct transport routes and sometimes in different states (e.g., single amino acids versus dipeptides).

Some lysosomal transporters import metabolites into the lumen. The combination of importers and exporters can create small-molecule shuttles across the lysosomal membrane, which regulate the lumen state.

Some lysosomal transporters participate in intracellular signaling cascades. sciencenewshighlights ScienceMission https://www.cell.com/trends/cell-biology/fulltext/S0962-8924(25)00222-3 https://sciencemission.com/lysosomal-small-molecule-transporters

Remyelination requires the precise wrapping of axons by oligodendrocyte processes, a critical step for restoring neural circuit function. However, a lack of quantitative systems that recapitulate axonal geometry and chemistry has limited mechanistic and pharmacological insights into myelin wrapping. Here, we present a bioengineered microfiber platform that mimics neurite architecture and surface chemistry, enabling high-content quantification of oligodendrocyte wrapping. Through compound screening, we identified dimemorfan, a clinically used sigma-1 receptor agonist, as a potent enhancer of myelin wrapping. Dimemorfan treatment accelerated remyelination and functional recovery in demyelinated mice and promoted myelin wrapping by human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived oligodendrocytes.

Continue reading “Biomimetic Microfibers for Myelin-Enhancer Screening and Neural Regeneration” | >

Bioengineers condense protein engineering and testing to a single day

Proteins are critical to life—and to industry. There are countless proteins that could be engineered to treat and even cure serious diseases and cellular dysfunctions. Industrial applications are similarly promising, with proteins increasingly used as enzymes in food manufacturing and in consumer detergents.

While AI can help suggest improvements, each novel protein must still be created in the real world and tested for performance. It is a labor-intensive process that involves constructing the DNA instructions for each protein in yeast or bacteria and growing individual clones for protein production and testing. This can take many days for a single protein of interest and even longer if the protein needs to be tested in mammalian cells, a process that requires retrieving DNA from microbes for transfer to the mammalian cells.

In a new paper, Michael Z. Lin, a professor of neurobiology and of bioengineering in the schools of Engineering and Medicine, and graduate students, Yan Wu in bioengineering and Pengli Wang in chemical engineering, say they have condensed the time-intensive protein building and testing process to just 24 hours.

Small Study Shows One-time Cell Therapy Can Control HIV Infection

Unlike previous HIV “cures” involving cancer patients given bone marrow stem cells from a donor with a rare genetic mutation that resists HIV infection, researchers said CAR-T could be used by a much broader patient population. The Phase 1 trial involved CAR-T, a one-time therapy in which a patient’s T-cells are extracted, altered and multiplied in a lab and infused back into ⁠their body. In this case, the CAR-T targeted the CD4 and CCR5 binding sites of the HIV.

Of three trial patients ‌treated with a standard CAR-T dose, researchers said two maintained undetectable to ‌very low levels of HIV after stopping antiretroviral therapy — one for over two years so far and another for nearly a year. “The two that have ‌been off (HIV drugs) the longest and doing well were importantly diagnosed pretty quickly and put on therapy pretty quickly,” said Dr. Steven Deeks, professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco and the study’s lead investigator.

Currently, CAR-T ‌treatments are available for several types of blood cancer, and are being developed for autoimmune diseases like lupus and scleroderma. Tap the link to learn more about the recent study.

Re-engineering an HIV patient’s own immune cells to find and destroy the virus succeeded in controlling the infection in a small first-in-human study, but researchers said work is needed to confirm ⁠the findings and determine which patients are most likely to benefit.

Scientists recruit red blood cells to deliver genetic cargo with instructions to kill cancer

Scientists have developed a way to turn the body’s own immune cells into cancer-fighting agents—without removing them from the body—by using red blood cells to deliver genetic instructions. Current CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) therapies typically involve collecting a patient’s T cells, genetically modifying them in the laboratory, and then reinfusing them in a process that can take weeks. The new strategy aims to bypass that step.

In a study published in Science Translational Medicine, researchers at Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine in Hangzhou, China, report that they used engineered erythrocytes, or red blood cells, to carry messenger RNA—mRNA—that reprograms myeloid cells into tumor-targeting cells inside the body.

“Engineering myeloid cells with chimeric antigen receptors—CARs—holds great therapeutic promise,” writes Dr. Xiaoqian Nie, lead author of the investigation.

New recyclable protein textiles could cut microplastic pollution and lower clothing waste

The textile industry produces a substantial portion of the world’s waste, with only about 12% of fiber materials ending up in recycling. Textiles also account for much of the microplastics in oceans. During every wash cycle, synthetic fibers shed microplastics that are flushed down the drain and eventually enter aquatic environments. Increasing textile recycling alone won’t solve this problem because most petrochemical-based fibers are difficult to recycle and continue to release persistent microplastics throughout their life cycle.

Engineers from Washington University in St. Louis may have a solution, thanks to dedicated synthetic biology work in the lab of Fuzhong Zhang, the Francis F. Ahmann Professor in the Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering in the McKelvey School of Engineering and co-director of Synthetic Biology Manufacturing of Advanced Materials Research Center (SMARC).

The results of that work, now published in the journal Advanced Materials, created protein-based materials, which are produced in bioreactors (think giant brewing tanks) using genetically engineered microbes. These materials can be readily recycled after use and remade into the same fibers over multiple cycles. In addition, any microparticles, if released from these fibers during washing, would be biodegradable.

Precision DNA editing targets root cause of severe childhood epilepsy in preclinical study

Gene editing can repair a DNA error in mice that causes Dravet syndrome, a rare, incurable, and potentially deadly form of childhood epilepsy. After the edit, the mice have far fewer seizures and live much longer. As published in Science Translational Medicine, the results suggest that a one-time genetic correction could someday treat the root cause of the disease rather than just managing its symptoms. The work represents a major step for genetic medicine, as restoring disease-relevant brain function with gene editing tools remains a major challenge.

The study also reflects growing momentum behind gene editing as a therapeutic platform for rare diseases. In February 2026, the Food and Drug Administration issued its Plausible Mechanism Framework guidance, outlining a regulatory pathway for individualized therapies targeting specific genetic conditions. It recognizes that for rare genetic diseases, a well-characterized biological mechanism can serve as the foundation for approval where large clinical trials are not feasible.

“For families affected by Dravet syndrome, our study provides proof of concept that a genetic correction approach could have real impact, a future with treatments that don’t just manage the disease but actually address its cause,” said Matthew Simon, a senior study director at The Jackson Laboratory (JAX) Rare Disease Translational Center (RDTC) who co-led the study. “We’re at an inflection point in genetic medicine, where we can now actually repair the DNA itself.”

A protein directs neuronal migration in the embryonic brain

During brain development, neurons can regulate their movement until they reach their final destination thanks to a “molecular switch” involving the protein Teneurin 4 (Ten4). This protein can guide neuronal migration through mutually exclusive molecular pathways and determine the direction of nerve cells.

The discovery, published in the journal Nature Communications, improves our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control neuronal migration and offers new insights into how the brain develops at the molecular level.

The study combines advanced techniques — structural protein studies, gene editing in animal models and super-resolution microscopy — to broaden our understanding of the origins of neurodevelopmental disorders and psychiatric or neurological conditions —schizophrenia, epilepsy, autism, bipolar disorder, etc. — which may be linked to errors in neuronal migration.

CRISPR safeguard changes how engineered microbes can be controlled

Engineered microorganisms are widely used in industrial biotechnology and biopharmaceutical applications, including the production of biofuels, sustainable chemicals, and therapeutic compounds. However, concerns remain regarding the unintended environmental release and uncontrolled proliferation of genetically engineered microbes. For this reason, biocontainment technologies, which are designed to prevent microorganisms from surviving outside controlled environments, have become increasingly important in both academia and industry.

Conventional biocontainment strategies have relied on auxotrophy-based approaches, toxin–antitoxin systems, or DNA cleavage-based technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9. However, these methods often suffer from environmental dependency, genetic instability, and the risk of unintended mutations and cellular stress caused by DNA double-strand breaks.

In particular, DNA cleavage-based systems may compromise genomic stability and allow certain mutant cells to escape survival control. In addition, CRISPR interference (CRISPRi)-based systems are inherently reversible, posing challenges for achieving complete and permanent control of cell viability.

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