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Brain age was estimated using an algorithm that combined multiple measures of brain structure obtained through MRI scans when the participants were 45 years old. This algorithm quantified the difference between estimated brain age and the participants’ chronological age, referred to as brain age gap estimate.

If the estimated brain age is higher than the chronological age, it suggests that the brain’s structural characteristics are more similar to those of an older individual. Conversely, if the estimated brain age is lower than the chronological age, the brain’s structural characteristics resemble those of a younger individual.

Lay-Yee and his colleagues also adjusted their analyses for various potential confounding factors. These included socio-demographic factors like sex and socio-economic status, as well as family factors (teen-aged mother, single parent, change in residence, maltreatment) and child-behavioral factors (self-control, worry/fearfulness).

People are having sex in the backseat while their driverless robotaxi is ferrying them to their final destination in San Francisco.

Scientists may have successfully spotted the brain center for the male libido responsible for sexual interest and mating in mouse models. The discovery may lead to improved drugs for sexual function.

This is according to a report by Medical Xpress published on Friday.

Senior researcher Dr. Nirao Shah, a professor of psychiatry and neurobiology at Stanford University School of Medicine, in California, said in the article that the newly-discovered region is responsible for recognizing the sex of other mice.

Summary: This week’s neuroscience revelations encompass intriguing findings from the enigmatic genetics of mind-controlling hairworms to the groundbreaking link between alcohol use disorders and certain neuronal plasticity genes.

A novel theory proposes that the location of memory storage in the brain depends on its generalizability rather than age, adding a new dimension to our understanding of memory management. A new AI system demonstrates an impressive ability to identify violations of social norms, promising advancements in AI capabilities.

Continue reading “Brain Bites: Top 5 Neuroscience News Articles of the Week” »

Gay sex – some humans do it, some penguins do it, and as it turns out, many monkeys do it. It’s only natural, according to a study published Monday in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution.

By watching a group of rhesus macaques over a three-year period in Puerto Rico, scientists from the Imperial College of London found it was more common for the males to engage in sex with the same gender than with the opposite.

The researchers reported 72% of the 236 male monkeys either mounted, or were mounted, by other males, whereas only 46% participated in heterosexual sex.

Summary: A new study reveals that the composition of scent compounds on a person’s hand can accurately determine their sex.

The analysis, using mass spectrometry, successfully predicted an individual’s sex with an impressive accuracy rate of 96.67%. In criminal investigations, this could provide valuable trace evidence where other discriminative evidence like DNA is lacking.

Continue reading “Human Hand Scents: A Novel Tool for Sex Prediction” »

The African turquoise killifish is an emerging vertebrate model organism with great potential for aging research due to its naturally short lifespan. Thus far, turquoise killifish aging omic studies using RNA-seq have examined a single organ, single sex and/or evaluated samples from non-reference strains. Here, we describe a resource dataset of ribosomal RNA depleted RNA-seq libraries generated from the brain, heart, muscle, and spleen from both sexes, as well as young and old animals, in the reference GRZ turquoise killifish strain. We provide basic quality control steps and demonstrate the utility of our dataset by performing differential gene expression and gene ontology analyses by age and sex. Importantly, we show that age has a greater impact than sex on transcriptional landscapes across probed tissues. Finally, we confirm transcription of transposable elements (TEs), which are highly abundant and increase in expression with age in brain tissue. This dataset will be a useful resource for exploring gene and TE expression as a function of both age and sex in a powerful naturally short-lived vertebrate model.

The authors have declared no competing interest.

The Y chromosome is the smallest chromosome, and holds the least amount of genes, but scientists are still learning about all of its biological functions. Research has shown that many men start to lose Y chromosomes in blood cells as they get older, and this phenomenon has been linked to some disorders including heart disease and now, cancer. Some studies have suggested that the loss of the Y chromosome may help explain why men tend to die at slightly younger ages compared to women, or why there are sex differences in some types of cancer… Two new studies reported in Nature have explored the link between cancer and the loss of the Y chromosome.

One study used a mouse model to show that a specific gene on the Y chromosome known as KDM5D increases the chance that some types of colorectal cancer will metastasize. The other research report showed that when some cells lose the Y chromosome, bladder tumors are better at evading the immune system, and the risk of aggressive bladder cancer increases.

The immune system employs different immune cells to target infection and disease throughout the body. Immunologists, who study the immune system, have worked on therapies to get more of these cells to the site of infection and at a faster rate. Currently, it is still unclear how effectively the immune system operates in age-and sex-related research. A group at the University of Birmingham have demonstrated specific sex-related differences associated with the immune system in older female mice. This novel research introduces age and sex into the equation and will change the way we study the immune system and improve patient treatment.

A recent publication in the Journal of Leukocyte Biology, by Dr. Myriam Chimen and colleagues found that age is a significant factor that determines cell movement to the major organs in the stomach cavity. More specifically, immune cells were not going to the site of infection, but “leaking” into the stomach cavity from blood vessels. This study has found a clear difference between sexes associated with immunity, as it was previously believed women’s immune system deteriorates faster compared to men. Chimen and colleagues have confirmed this long-standing belief through their work on immune system sex-related differences.

Chimen and colleagues show that the increased immune cell presence in the stomach cavity is from “leaky” blood vessels. “Leaky” is a term used to described blood vessels that do not maintain strong structural integrity. The idea of “leaky” blood vessels occurs in inflammatory diseases such as cancer. Cancer cells travel through the blood system and commonly “leak” out of the blood stream to other sites in the body. The trafficking of cells to other sites allows the spread of cancer throughout the body, further promoting tumor growth.