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Sep 13, 2024

Research finds sex-based differences in how brains handle threats

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, health, neuroscience, sex

A new study has uncovered significant differences in how male and female mice process threats, even as they exhibit similar behavioural responses. The discovery suggests that including both male and female subjects in neuroscience research will lead to more accurate conclusions and ultimately better health outcomes. Understanding the influence of sex on brain function can help explain why males and females develop certain psychiatric disorders at different rates or with different symptoms, the researchers said. ‘Unless we thoughtfully and rigorously integrate sex into biomedical research, a huge amount of the population may be underserved by scientific knowledge,’ said McGill University Associate Professor and Canada Research Chair in Behavioural Neurogenomics Rosemary Bagot, who led the study. ‘Our work shows that sex is an important variable to consider, even if initial observations don’t necessarily show clear sex differences,” said Bagot. “If males and females are using different brain circuits to solve similar problems, they may be differently vulnerable to stress and respond differently to treatments.’ How brain circuits process threats and cues The study focused on two related brain circuits and their roles in processing information about threats and the cues that predict them. The researchers trained mice to recognize a sound that signalled a threat and another sound that meant safety. By observing brain activity, the team saw how communication between different brain areas processed these signals. Then, they temporarily turned off each brain connection to see how it affected the mice’s reactions, helping them understand how the brain handles threats. ‘We found that even though male and female mice respond similarly to threats, the brain circuits underlying these responses are not the same,’ Bagot said. For female mice, a connection between two specific brain areas (the medial prefrontal cortex and the nucleus accumbens) played a key role. The study found that in male mice, a different connection (between the ventral hippocampus and the nucleus accumbens) was more important for handling the same situation. It was previously assumed that similar behavior meant similar brain function. Now, the researchers are exploring how sex impacts brain circuits in processing threats, focusing on the role of sex hormones and different learning strategies. This research is supported by funding from CIHR. About the study Sex-biased neural encoding of threat discrimination in nucleus accumbens afferents drives suppression of reward behavior by Jessie Muir, Eshaan Iyer et al., was published in Nature Neuroscience.

Sep 12, 2024

AI Shocks Again: AI Robots with Human Brain, AGI, OpenAI, DeepMind & More (July Monthly News)

Posted by in categories: employment, health, robotics/AI

The AI scene is electrified with groundbreaking advancements this month, keeping us all at the edge of our seats. A mind-blowing AI robot with human-like intelligence has the world in shock. Google DeepMind’s JEST AI learns at an astonishing 13x faster pace. OpenAI’s SearchGPT and CriticGPT, the force behind ChatGPT’s prowess, are disrupting industries. STRAWBERRY, their most powerful AI yet, takes center stage. GPT4ALL 3.0 is the AI sensation causing a frenzy, while OpenAI’s AI Health Coach promises personalized wellness solutions. Llama 3.1 emerges as a contender, and NeMo AI boasts a massive 128k context capacity, running locally and free. Microsoft’s new AI Search could redefine how we navigate information, while OpenAI’s latest unnamed model has the tech world buzzing with anticipation.

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Continue reading “AI Shocks Again: AI Robots with Human Brain, AGI, OpenAI, DeepMind & More (July Monthly News)” »

Sep 12, 2024

Powered by renewable energy, microbes turn CO₂ into protein and vitamins

Posted by in categories: biological, health, sustainability

However, the yeast should be treated to rid compounds that can increase the risk of gout if consumed excessively. Even so, treated yeast still meets 41% of the daily protein requirement, comparable to traditional protein sources.

This technology aims to address several global challenges: environmental conservation, , and public health. Running on clean energy and CO2, the system reduces carbon emissions in food production. It uncouples land use from farming, freeing up space for conservation.

Angenent also stresses that it will not outcompete farmers. Instead, the technology will help farmers concentrate on producing vegetables and crops sustainably. The team’s yeast may also help developing nations overcome food scarcity and by delivering protein and vitamin B9.

Sep 12, 2024

Menschen denken in vielen Dimensionen gleichzeitig

Posted by in category: health


Wenn wir unsere Augen öffnen, dann fällt es uns ganz leicht, die verschiedene Objekte, Menschen und Tiere um uns herum zu sehen. Bisher war die weitreichende Forschungsmeinung, dass ein ganz wesentliches Ziel unserer Wahrnehmung ist, Objekte zu erkennen und verschiedenen Kategorien zuzuordnen – zum Beispiel, ob dieses Objekt vor uns ein Hund ist und ob ein Hund zur Kategorie der Tiere zählt. Forschende vom Max-Planck-Institut für Kognitions-und Neurowissenschaften in Leipzig und der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen in Zusammenarbeit mit den National Institutes of Health in den USA konnte nun zeigen, dass dieses Bild unvollständig ist. In einer aktuellen Studie im Fachjournal Nature Human Behaviour schreiben sie, dass sich die Hirnaktivität beim Sehen von Objekten viel besser mit einer Vielzahl verhaltensrelevanter Dimensionen erklären lässt.

Bisher dachte man, dass das visuelle System in unserem Gehirn die gesehenen Objekte in sehr grundlegende Merkmale zerlegt und dann nach und nach wieder zusammensetzt, mit dem Ziel, deren Erkennen zu ermöglichen. „Unsere Ergebnisse haben gezeigt, dass Erkennen und Kategorisieren zwar wichtige Ziele unseres Sehens sind, aber bei weitem nicht die einzigen.“, sagt Letztautor Martin Hebart, Gruppenleiter am MPI CBS und Professor an der Justus-Liebig-Universität. „Tatsächlich finden wir verhaltensrelevante Signale an allen Verarbeitungsstufen im visuellen System. Dies konnten wir aus der Analyse der von uns entdeckten verhaltensrelevanten Dimensionen ableiten.” Im Vorfeld hatten die Forscher mit einem Computermodell aus Verhaltensdaten von über 12.000 Studienteilnehmer*innen 66 Objektdimensionen identifiziert.

Sep 12, 2024

New AI model helps researchers detect disease based on coughs

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, health, robotics/AI

Google researchers have created an innovative AI model called Health Acoustic Representations (HeAR), designed to identify acoustic biomarkers for diseases like tuberculosis.


It can listen to human sounds and flag early signs of disease.

Continue reading “New AI model helps researchers detect disease based on coughs” »

Sep 9, 2024

Oligosaccarides: Learn all about oligosaccharides in this informative video

Posted by in category: health

Understand the role they play in your body and how they affect your health. Watch now to expand your knowledge on oligosaccharides!
Link for the video on What Are Disaccharides? : • What Are Disaccharides?
References: Wilson and Walker 7th edition.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/.
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https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/anti
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science
https://mmegias.webs.uvigo.es/02-engl
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/A
https://zfangcs.wordpress.com/2021/06
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Sep 8, 2024

Finger wrap uses sweat to provide health monitoring at your fingertips

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, chemistry, engineering, health, wearables

A sweat-powered wearable has the potential to make continuous, personalized health monitoring as effortless as wearing a Band-Aid. Engineers at the University of California San Diego have developed an electronic finger wrap that monitors vital chemical levels—such as glucose, vitamins, and even drugs—present in the same fingertip sweat from which it derives its energy.

The advance was published Sept. 3 in Nature Electronics by the research group of Joseph Wang, a professor in the Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering at UC San Diego.

The device, which wraps snugly around the finger, draws power from an unlikely source—the fingertip’s . Fingertips, despite their , are among the body’s most prolific sweat producers, each packed with over a thousand . These glands can produce 100 to 1,000 times more sweat than most other areas of the body, even during rest.

Sep 7, 2024

FDA advisers discuss future of ‘artificial womb’ for human infants

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, ethics, health

Independent advisers to the US Food and Drug Administration are meeting this week to discuss the regulations, ethics and possibilities of creating an artificial womb to increase the chances that extremely premature babies would survive — and without long-term health problems.

Sep 6, 2024

Fats in blood, with inflammation, could better predict heart disease risk in women, study finds

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, health

For the study, the researchers analysed blood samples and medical information from 27,939 healthcare providers living in the US, who participated in the Women’s Health Study. The women were on average aged 55 at the study’s start (1992−1995) and followed for 30 years.

Sep 5, 2024

Common yellow food dye can make the skin of a mouse temporarily transparent, study finds

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, food, health

In H.G. Wells’ 1,897 science fiction novel, “The Invisible Man,” the protagonist invents a serum that makes the cells in his body transparent by controlling how they bend light.

More than 100 years later, scientists have discovered a real-life version of the substance: A commonly used food coloring can make the skin of a mouse temporarily transparent, allowing scientists to see its organs function, according to a new study published Thursday in the journal Science.

The breakthrough could revolutionize biomedical research and, should it be successfully tested in humans, have wide-ranging applications in medicine and health care, such as making veins more visible to draw blood.

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