Recycling energy-transition metals from battery, electric vehicles and renewable energy products offers abundant growth potential.
More than 97% of the stars in our Galaxy will end their lives with a whimper—slowly cooling as stellar remnants known as white dwarfs. The cooling of white dwarfs follows a pattern that was thought to be so predictable that the temperatures of white dwarfs are used to determine the age of surrounding stars. New findings, however, indicate this pattern may need revision [1]. Predictions made by Antoine Bédard of the University of Warwick, UK, and his colleagues now indicate that some white dwarfs may undergo a process that “reinvigorates” the stars, significantly slowing down the cooling process. That change could alter the calculated ages of white dwarfs by billions of years.
When a small star (one with a mass 8 times or less that of the Sun) runs out of nuclear fuel, it sheds its outer layers to form a planetary nebula. The core of the star then collapses into a white dwarf. Producing no heat, white dwarfs spend their existences radiating their remaining energy into space, cooling and solidifying from the inside out. Or so astrophysicists thought.
In 2019, this model was disrupted by astronomers analyzing data from the European Space Agency’s Gaia mission. The researchers identified a previously unknown population of white dwarfs within the Milky Way with anomalous properties [2]. As stars age, their velocities increase with respect to nearby stars because of repeated gravitational interactions with those stars. The newly identified white dwarfs, dubbed the Q branch, have much higher average velocities than models indicate they should have based on their temperatures, a finding that suggests that the Q-branch white dwarfs are older than previously thought. Some process is slowing down the cooling.
To save on fuel and reduce aircraft emissions, engineers are looking to build lighter, stronger airplanes out of advanced composites. These engineered materials are made from high-performance fibers that are embedded in polymer sheets. The sheets can be stacked and pressed into one multilayered material and made into extremely lightweight and durable structures.
Researchers at the University of Bristol have uncovered the secrets behind the quiet operation of futuristic aircraft equipped with innovative embedded engines.
The study sheds light on the noise generation and transmission mechanisms of boundary layer ingesting (BLI) ducted fans. These engines draw in air from both the front and the surface of the aircraft’s body and operate with high efficiency, reducing fuel consumption compared to traditional engines.
Researchers have developed a high-power hybrid sodium-ion battery that can be charged in seconds, potentially replacing lithium-ion batteries.
SpaceX’s new Raptor 4.0 engine and Starship V3 are set to revolutionize space travel, making it more affordable and accessible for orbital testing, satellite launches, and human missions to the Moon and Mars, while also benefiting the US Aerospace industry.
Questions to inspire discussion.
Sodium (Na), which is over 500 times more abundant than lithium (Li), has recently garnered significant attention for its potential in sodium-ion battery technologies. However, existing sodium-ion batteries face fundamental limitations, including lower power output, constrained storage properties, and longer charging times, necessitating the development of next-generation energy storage materials.
To power the energy transition, the world needs a reliable supply of critical minerals. Finding alternative materials can help secure the transition.
A single-walled carbon nanotube spring stores three times more mechanical energy than a lithium-ion battery, while offering wide temperature stability and posing no explosion risk.
Nissan says solid state batteries will double intensity of lithium batteries and cost less, and can also be used as energy storage.
