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Category: sustainability – Page 3

CO₂ injection reveals hidden cement chemistry behind 13% stronger early strength

One September day, it started to snow inside MIT’s Pierce Laboratory. Researchers depressurized a tank of liquid carbon dioxide (CO2), instantly freezing it and releasing solid flakes. These were blended into cement paste and pressed into disks roughly the size of a dime, each sealed with a thin layer of vegetable oil to keep water in and air out. The team trained lasers on each one, observing for the first time the transient chemical reaction that might explain why CO2-injected cement paste gains strength faster.

Injecting CO2 into cement products like concrete is one way to store it and keep it out of the atmosphere. The process has attracted commercial interest, with a growing number of companies offering CO2-injected concrete mixes. But until now, the underlying cement chemistry hadn’t been directly visualized.

A new paper in the Journal of the American Ceramic Society —led by associate professor Admir Masic and first-authored by graduate student Marcin Hajduczek, both of the MIT Concrete Sustainability Hub and MIT Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering—describes the chemical sequence that unfolds after CO2 meets fresh cement paste. Co-authors include MIT colleagues Santiago El Awad and Franz-Josef Ulm, alongside researchers from IIT Jodhpur and CarbonCure Technologies.

Scientists built a battery-free device that turns sunlight into fuel

Scientists have developed an artificial photosynthesis system that essentially regulates itself, eliminating the need for batteries used in many current designs. The key innovation is an electrolyzer that automatically adapts to changing sunlight by altering its electrical properties as it heats up. This keeps solar fuel production more stable while reducing cost and complexity.

Water locked in 1-nanometer channels could enable safer energy storage

Can pure water store electrical energy? A research team led by Dr. Vasily Artemov within the Cluster of Excellence “BlueMat—Water-Driven Materials” at Hamburg University of Technology has now shown that it can. By confining water within nanometer-sized channels in clay minerals, the researchers created a supercapacitor capable of efficiently storing and transporting electrical charge.

What makes the finding unusual is that it uses pure water as its electrolyte—the medium that transports electrical charge. Today’s batteries and supercapacitors typically rely on added salts, acids, or other chemical electrolytes. In contrast, the new system works without such additives and is based solely on abundant, naturally occurring materials: water, clay, and carbon.

“Our goal is to develop safer and more sustainable energy-storage technologies based on abundant materials rather than complex chemical compounds,” says Artemov, lead author of the paper published in Nature Communications. “The device stores and releases energy efficiently, operates at a comparatively high voltage for a water-based system, and remains stable over tens of thousands of charging cycles.”

New pilot plant converts unsorted plastic waste into oil in 30 mins

A mobile pilot plant has been designed to convert various types of plastic waste into oil.

Developed by the Catalysis Engineering Group at the University of Amsterdam (UvA), the Solvothermal Liquefaction (STL) process uses a potent mix of solvent, heat, catalysts, and intense pressure to cook mixed plastic waste back into oil.

Interestingly, the resulting dark brown oil contains the precise molecules needed to remake brand-new, virgin plastic, thereby closing the recycling loop.

Aerosols may warm or cool the climate depending on timing, new study finds

A new study from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem challenges a long-held assumption in climate science by showing that aerosols—tiny particles suspended in the atmosphere—can either warm or cool the climate, depending on the time scale considered.

Led by Prof. Guy Dagan of the Fredy and Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences, the research reveals that aerosol-cloud interactions can produce opposite climate effects in the short and long term. The findings, published in Nature Communications, offer a new explanation for why aerosols remain one of the largest sources of uncertainty in climate projections.

Aerosols come from a variety of natural and human-made sources, including air pollution, wildfires, sea spray and dust. Scientists have long known that these particles influence how clouds form and how much heat Earth retains, but accurately estimating their overall impact on climate has proved difficult.

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