The standard model of particle physics is our best theory of the elementary particles and forces that make up our world: particles and antiparticles, such as electrons and positrons, are described as quantum fields. They interact through other force fields, such as the electromagnetic force that binds charged particles.
To understand the behavior of these quantum fields—and with that, our universe—researchers perform complex computer simulations of quantum field theories. Unfortunately, many of these calculations are too complicated for even our best supercomputers and pose great challenges for quantum computers as well, leaving many pressing questions unanswered.
Using a novel type of quantum computer, Martin Ringbauer’s experimental team at the University of Innsbruck, and the theory group led by Christine Muschik at IQC at the University of Waterloo, Canada, report in Nature Physics on how they have successfully simulated a complete quantum field theory in more than one spatial dimension.
Sunburns and aging skin are obvious effects of exposure to harmful UV rays, tobacco smoke and other carcinogens. But the effects aren’t just skin deep. Inside the body, DNA is literally being torn apart.
Understanding how the body heals and protects itself from DNA damage is vital for treating genetic disorders and life-threatening diseases such as cancer. But despite numerous studies and medical advances, much about the molecular mechanisms of DNA repair remains a mystery.
For the past several years, researchers at Georgia State University tapped into the Summit supercomputer at the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory to study an elaborate molecular pathway called nucleotide excision repair, or NER relies on an array of highly dynamic protein complexes to cut out, or excise, damaged DNA with surgical precision.
If quantum computers are to fulfill the promise of solving problems faster or which are too complex for classical supercomputers, then quantum information needs to be communicated between multiple processors.
Modern computers have different interconnected components such as a memory chip, a Central Processing Unit and a General Processing Unit. These need to communicate for a computer to function.
Current attempts to interconnect superconducting quantum processors use “point-to-point” connectivity. This means they require a series of transfers between nodes, compounding errors.
Tesla is advancing towards a sustainable future through innovations in energy solutions, autonomous vehicles, and humanoid robots, while fostering a culture of safety and continuous improvement. ## Questions to inspire discussion s Future Production and Impact ” + 🚗 Q: How many vehicles does Tesla aim to produce by 2025? A: Tesla plans to produce over 10 million vehicles in 2025, up from just 20 in 2010, enabled by their compact, high-output factories.
S vision for Optimus humanoid robots? ” +A: Tesla envisions Optimus robots creating a future of abundance for all, producing goods and services with no limit when combined with solar energy and batteries.
🚕 Q: When will autonomous Teslas become widespread? A: Tesla expects autonomous vehicles to dominate roads within 5 years, with a software update enabling 10-100x more usefulness through robotaxi services. s Service and Energy Solutions ” + s approach to customer service? ” +s service team aims to provide a loveable experience, recognizing that future sales depend on service reputation and word-of-mouth marketing. ” + 🔋 Q: How do Megapack and Powerwall 3 benefit homeowners? A: Megapack and Powerwall 3 enable off-grid living and energy assurance, with Powerwall 3 and solar making homes self-sufficient during outages.
S unique about Teslas Supercharger network allows convenient road trips across the US, Mexico, Europe, and China, with charging speeds faster than a restroom break. ” +s AI and Manufacturing Innovations ” + s role in Teslas most powerful AI training systems. ” + s AI hardware compare to others? ” +s AI4 hardware is the most powerful and efficient AI inference computer, operating at very low power in all vehicles. ” + s innovative about TeslaA: The Cybertruck line aims to produce cars in under 5 seconds, using rapid liquid metal casting and automation, resembling a high-speed electronics line. ## Future of Transportation and Energy.
S full self-driving cars? ” +s self-driving cars achieve 10x human safety, never getting tired or distracted, and free up 10–12 hours per week for drivers. ” + s batteries contribute to grid stability? ” +A: Powerwall and Megapack batteries stabilize the grid by absorbing power spikes and filling drops, acting as a virtual grid in neighborhoods.
🚖 Q: How will the role of Uber and taxi drivers change? A: In the future, Uber and taxi drivers will manage fleets of self-driving cars instead of driving individually. ## Investment and Future Technologies.
Quantum computers have the potential to solve complex problems that would be impossible for the most powerful classical supercomputer to crack.
Just like a classical computer has separate yet interconnected components that must work together, such as a memory chip and a CPU on a motherboard, a quantum computer will need to communicate quantum information between multiple processors.
Current architectures used to interconnect superconducting quantum processors are “point-to-point” in connectivity, meaning they require a series of transfers between network nodes, with compounding error rates.
Adopting liquid cooling technology could significantly reduce electricity costs across the data center.
Many Porsche “purists” reflect forlornly upon the 1997, 5th generation, 996 version of the iconic 911 sports car. It was the first year of the water-cooled engine versions of the 911, which had previously been based on air-cooled engines since their entry into the market in 1964. The 911 was also the successor to the popular air-cooled 356. For over three decades, Porsche’s flagship 911 was built around an air-cooled engine. The two main reasons often provided for the shift away from air-cooled to water-cooled engines were 1) environmental (emission standards) and 2) performance (in part cylinder head cooling). The writing was on the wall: If Porsche was going to remain competitive in the sports car market and racing world, the move to water-cooled engines was unavoidable.
Fast forward to current data centers trying to meet the demands for AI computing. For similar reasons, we’re seeing a shift towards liquid cooling. Machines relying on something other than air for cooling date back at least to the Cray-1 supercomputer which used a freon-based system and the Cray-2 which used Fluorinert, a non-conductive liquid in which boards were immersed. The Cray-1 was rated at about 115kW and the Cray-2 at 195kW, both a far cry from the 10’s of MWs used by today’s most powerful supercomputers. Another distinguishing feature here is that these are “supercomputers” and not just data center servers. Data centers have largely run on air-cooled processors, but with the incredible demand for computing created by the explosive increase in AI applications, data centers are being called on to provide supercomputing-like capabilities.
D-WaveQuantum Inc. announced a scientific advance confirming its annealing quantum computer outperformed a powerful classical supercomputer in simulating complex magnetic materials. This achievement is documented in a peer-reviewed paper titled “Beyond-Classical Computation in Quantum Simulation,” published in Science.
The research indicates that D-Wave’s quantum computer completed simulations that would take nearly a million years and exceed the world’s annual electricity consumption if attempted with classical technology. The D-Wave Advantage2 prototype was central to this success.
An international team collaborated to simulate quantum dynamics in programmable spin glasses using both D-Wave’s system and the Frontier supercomputer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, showcasing the quantum computer’s capability for swift and accurate simulation of various lattice structures and materials properties.
Scientists have tapped into the Summit supercomputer to study an elaborate molecular pathway called nucleotide excision repair (NER). This research reveals how damaged strands of DNA are repaired through this molecular pathway, nucleotide excision repair.
NER’s protein components can change shape to perform different functions of repair on broken strands of DNA.
A team of scientists from Georgia State University built a computer model of a critical NER component called the pre-incision complex (PInC) that plays a key role in regulating DNA repair processes in the latter stages of the NER pathway.
