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“There are numerous challenges involved in developing a membrane that could ultimately be used as lightsail. It needs to withstand heat, hold its shape under pressure, and ride stably along the axis of a laser beam,” said Dr. Harry Atwater, who is a Howard Hughes Professor of Applied Physics and Materials Science at Caltech and a co-author on the study. “But before we can begin building such a sail, we need to understand how the materials respond to radiation pressure from lasers. We wanted to know if we could determine the force being exerted on a membrane just by measuring its movements. It turns out we can.”

For the study, the researchers used real-life models to simulate the size of the lightsail, amount of laser power needed to propel the lightsail, and amount of pressure exerted on the lightsail to achieve the desired speed. After creating their own miniature lightsail measuring 40 microns long, 40 microns wide, and 50 nanometers thick tethered to four strings, the team subjected it to laser light to measure the amount of radiation pressure the lightsail was experiencing. In the end, the team found the specific angle and amount of force required to push the lightsail forward. Through this, they successfully established groundwork for potentially constructing larger lightsails in the future.

Scientists improved enzyme-based biosensors by modifying MOFsMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new class of porous material compounds consisting of metal-to-organic ligand interactions. MOFs show promise to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of practical gas separation systems and are of interest for the storage of gases such as hydrogen and carbon dioxide. tabindex=0 MOFs to enhance electron transfer and enzyme stability.

An exploration of 10 Mind Blowing Recent Space Discoveries.

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“The Puzzle of Meteoritic Minerals Heideite and Brezinaite; Are they Iron-based Superconductors? Are they Technosignatures?” B. P. Embaid, 2022.

In our group we are researching the new materials and protocols needed for quantum communication, quantum computation and quantum sensing. The systems we use are rare earth ion crystals as they are a particularly promising candidates for building quantum information devices due to their excellent quantum coherence properties. This is crucial requirement to avoid the loss of quantum information through interactions with the local environment.

In our research we combine fundamental knowledge of the materials with the development of new quantum information protocols and device fabrication capabilities. This unique skillset has enabled us to achieve several key milestones in the field of quantum information processing, for example.


Research of the laser physics centre.

Osteoporosis is typically treated with orally administered drugs, which may take up to a year to have a noticeable effect. A new injectable hydrogel, however, is claimed to drastically boost bone density in as little as two weeks.

The disease occurs when there’s an imbalance between a person’s osteoblasts – which are bone-building cells – and their osteoclasts, which are bone-degrading cells.

Ordinarily, osteoclasts serve a beneficial function by reshaping bones so they become stronger over time. When those cells outnumber the osteoblasts, though, there’s an overall loss of bone tissue, resulting in weaker, more fragile bones.

A solution to injuries from slips and falls may be found underfoot — literally. The footpads of geckos have hydrophilic (water-loving) mechanisms that allow the little animals to easily move over moist, slick surfaces. Researchers in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces report using silicone rubber enhanced with zirconia nanoparticles to create a gecko-inspired slip-resistant polymer. They say the material, which sticks to ice, could be incorporated into shoe soles to reduce injuries in humans.

Slips and falls account for more than 38 million injuries and 684,000 deaths every year, according to the World Health Organization. And nearly half of these incidents happen on ice. Current anti-slip shoe soles rely on materials such as natural rubber that repel the layer of liquid water that sits atop pavement on a rainy day. On frozen walkways, however, shoe soles with these materials can cause ice to melt because of pressure from the wearer, creating the slippery surface the shoes are supposed to protect against.

Previous studies of gecko feet have led to new ideas for developing more effective anti-slip polymers. Those works found that their footpad’s stickiness comes from hydrophilic capillary-enhanced adhesion: The force of water being drawn into narrow grooves in the footpad creates suction that helps the lizard navigate slippery surfaces. Vipin Richhariya, Ashis Tripathy, Md Julker Nine and colleagues aimed to develop a polymer with capillary-enhanced adhesion that works on rainy sidewalks and frozen surfaces.

All we are made of comes from dying stars, those rare supernovae and other cosmic death throes that forge those scarce heavier elements, but could we learn true alchemy and mass manufacture those materials ourselves, and even others not found in nature?

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Credits:
Nuclear Transmutation.
Science & Futurism with Isaac Arthur.
Episode 332, March 3, 2022
Written, Produced & Narrated by Isaac Arthur.

Editors:
Jason Burbank.
Mark Warburton.
Yamagishi.

Cover Art:
Jakub Grygier https://www.artstation.com/jakub_grygier.

Graphics:

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What if you could fax someone a real, three-dimensional object? The solution might come in the form of programmable matter — a material that takes on predetermined shapes and can change its configuration on demand. We’re already seeing early prototypes coming from Carnegie Mellon and Intel in the form of “claytronics.” So what’s in store for this technology, and why should we be excited about it?

If you had a vat of claytronic atoms in front of you, what’s the first thing you’d build with it? Let us know in the comments below!

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A research team from Skoltech and ITMO university has obtained tunable polariton emission at room temperature on CsPbBr3 perovskite crystals as a promising platform for integration into lateral microchips—a new concept for the integrated all-optical logic that Skoltech researchers are working on.

The research results are presented in the Advanced Optical Materials journal.

Exciton-polaritons are hybridized states of light and matter, which are formed as a result of strong interaction of optical modes of microcavity—photons—with elementary excitations of a material—excitons.

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Researchers have developed a new electrically active biomaterial that can be transplanted into the body to improve recovery following central nervous system injuries. The material acts as a scaffold that also provides electrical stimulation.